Private Law
Abdolvahid Sabaghi; fereydoon nahreyni; alireza Azarbayejani
Abstract
AbstractThe principle of immutability of the elements of litigation prevents unregulated seizures of the elements of litigation. Any change in the claim is subject to the conditions set forth in Article 98 of the Code of Civil Procedure. These considerations are in line with the principle of compliance ...
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AbstractThe principle of immutability of the elements of litigation prevents unregulated seizures of the elements of litigation. Any change in the claim is subject to the conditions set forth in Article 98 of the Code of Civil Procedure. These considerations are in line with the principle of compliance and protection of the defendant's rights against any surprises, The subject of the lawsuit and the transferee is the beneficiary in the lawsuit and has caused the creation of a new document resulting from this transfer and apparently has challenged the petition. The protection of the law is primarily the duty of the law and then the court, and the silence, ambiguity or conciseness of the law should not be used as a pretext by a party who has found himself convicted and intends to exclude the case from the hearing and hear the case. Sterilize the case. This research with a descriptive analytical method leads to the conclusion that by paying attention to these two changes in the elements of litigation, the gap can be filled and the judge can be given the ability to pay attention to the legal action. , At the same time as inviting the transferee to the trial, make a change in the request It is also considered as one of the effects of transferring the lawsuit and in parallel with considering the request stated in the petition, forcibly decides in the voting session on the new request and also on the document belonging to the deputy, either negatively or positively, because The authority extends its contents to the proceedings, including the recent document created during the hearing of the case, which, following the summoning of the deputy to the proceedings, a decision is also made regarding this document.
alireza Azarbayejani; Farnaz Forouzan Boroojeni
Abstract
The methods of enforcing judgments are so important. History of Iranian legal system shows several enactments relating to enforcement of judgments and insolvency. Since those laws were not efficient over a long time, Iranian legislature has enacted the new version of Enforcing Pecuniary Judgments Act ...
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The methods of enforcing judgments are so important. History of Iranian legal system shows several enactments relating to enforcement of judgments and insolvency. Since those laws were not efficient over a long time, Iranian legislature has enacted the new version of Enforcing Pecuniary Judgments Act in 2015. Comparative analytical of the new Act with its previous version displays advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, this article presents an overview of the issues surrounding the changes of new Act with focus on insolvency claim, including the necessity of recognition for losing party's property, attaching a complete inventory of all losing party's property to an insolvency petition, expanding the scope of the Act, burden of proof in insolvency claim, prerequisite for instalment orders or giving additional period for debtor and debtor's imprisonment as a last resort. In addition, it explores the possible difficulties. Furthermore, the paper analysis some vague understandings about enforcement of judgments relating to Mahr as special debt under Family Protection Act and according to specialia generalibus derogant.